With the continuous development of China's economic and social stability, people's quality of life has gradually improved, especially the implementation of the "Golden Week" holiday system. People's leisure time is increasing, which has promoted the rapid development of tourism. Tourism has become a common life. An indispensable part of it. However, in the practice of tourism development and scenic spot construction in various parts of China, the construction of the commentary marking system for tourist attractions is relatively weak, which leads tourists to be at a loss in the sightseeing activities, such as the location of the scenic spots, the choice of the tour route, and the connotation of the scenic spots, especially in the In the absence of guided tour guides, the tourists can not enjoy the satisfactory experience of the tour and check the understanding of the tourist landscape, which directly affects the quality of the tourist's tourism activities.
Therefore, the construction of a perfect tourism scenic spot commenting system has important theoretical and practical value, which has attracted the attention of industry and experts and experts at home and abroad.
The research on the interpretation of foreign tourist scenic spots started earlier. The research fields include interpretation history, explanation concept, purpose and function, system composition, explanation media, and scientific interpretation system research are the "hot spots" in the past ten years. For example, Wu Bihu takes Beijing as an example, and divides the commentary system into two different types: guided interpretation and self-guided interpretation, and emphasizes self-directed interpretation as the most important form of explanation; Tao Wei introduces foreign mature theories and methods to enrich the domestic The research of tourism commentary system, and pointed out the prospect of the development of tourism interpretation research in China; Tang Mingxi divides the commentary system into cognitive objects (information source, user (recipient, tourism commentary (the three basic components of communication media, trying to establish an artificial China Fund Project: Special Funding Project for Key Discipline Construction in Shaanxi Province (060103); Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education Special Research Project (12K0478; Key Project of Research Fund of Xianyang Normal University (xy09xsyk101).
Mainly engaged in regional resource environment and sustainable development research; He Jia (1988-), female, Linyi, Shaanxi, undergraduate, research direction for the development and management of scenic spots.
Heart, human landscape communication, functional complementarity, open-type scenic tourism interpretation system; Luo Fen and other three elements of the tourism interpretation system (interpretation resources, interpretation of audience and interpretation technology) combined with the theme of interpretation, proposed the tourism interpretation plan "seven footwork". Solved the problem of the tourism commentary product from concept to reality; Wang Weizheng made a systematic discussion on the function, location, material, size and height design, text configuration, graphic and color of the commentary card. The design principles and techniques of the tourism scenic spot identification system based on recessive service are put forward. The influence of consumption technology on the tourism experience is analyzed. The three navigation modes are analyzed: step navigation, tracking navigation and tree navigation. From the perspective of research environment and content in the field of carding environment and tourist education, he points out the weak links in this research field, and hopes to improve the involvement of eco-tourism in this field, and to match the demographic attributes of tourists, statistical analysis of tourists. Interpretation service satisfaction, in order to develop an effective interpretation service strategy, improve the satisfaction of the eco-tourism interpretation system. Some authors also explore the commentary identification system that conforms to the characteristics of the scenic spot itself. For example, Zhang Jing proposed the node and path planning of the eco-tourism interpretation system; Dong Hongmei proposed the management elements of the mountain-type scenic spot interpretation signage system; He Xigang et al. constructed the target and system of the scenic interpretation system along the Silk Road Cultural Heritage; Zhou Kehua et al. The sifting method has constructed a drifting tourism commentary system; Wang Ru et al. designed the coastal tourist area identification system in China; Wu Xibing et al. proposed the construction scheme of the tourism signage system in the national nature reserve, and so on.
The above research results of the scenic area commentary identification system provide a theoretical basis and a practical case for the planning and design of the tourist scenic spot interpretation system. It should be pointed out that so far research on the identification and identification system of religious and cultural tourism scenic spots is still rare. The particularity and deep connotation of religious and cultural tourism sites make the planning and design of this type of scenic interpretation system have its special connotation and personality characteristics. This study intends to conduct a tentative discussion on the research and design of the interpretation and identification system of the Nanwutai Religious Cultural Tourism Scenic Spot in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.
Nanwutai Scenic Spot is located about 30 kilometers south of Xi'an City, with a maximum altitude of 1688 meters. It is the branch of Zhongnan Mountain in the Qinling Mountains. It is known as the “Zhennan Shenxiu District”.
It is one of the famous Buddhist holy places in China. Because there is Guanyin (Datai) on the mountain, Manjusri, cool, and Ling Ying, the five peaks (small Taiwan), hence the name "Wutai Mountain"; and because of it and the "North Wutai" Mountain in the Yaozhou District on the north side of the Guanzhong Basin Wangshan is far away, hence the name Nanwutai.
Tourist attractions in the South Wutai Scenic Area (Table 1 is unique, with outstanding performances such as temples, plazas, cliffs, cliffs and deep forests. Its natural scenery is quite good, it is the most densely covered area on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains. There are many kinds of plants and many valuable tree species. It is part of the Zhongnanshan National Forest Park and the Qinling Zhongnanshan World Geopark. From the bottom of the mountain, the five mountain peaks are arranged like a pen holder. It seems to be close at hand, and the peaks and turns. Standing on the five platforms The bird's-eye view of the city of Xi'an and the plains of the piedmont are all in sight. The poems of the famous poet Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty are here. The cultural connotations in the scenic area are rich, and there are more than ten Buddhist temples preserved in a limited area. The density is large, and the Buddhist culture is very strong. It can be described as the “Buddhist Little Name Mountain” outside the four famous Buddhist mountains. There are many meditation temples in the South Wutai Mountain, and the visiting people can participate in Zen Buddhism. It is a place of worship for Buddhist believers. A religious cultural tourism destination that is popular with tourists.
Table 1 The main tourist attraction of the Nanwuhe Scenic Area is the main ornamental value. The earliest existing stupa of Xi'an Temple in Xi'an is the Tudor Tower. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is modeled after this tower. The larch, presented by Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei, is on the right. Ren Shue, Shuangsongge and Dusongge, also known as Liu Yutao Villa, are the Zizhulin built by Liu Yutao for the summer vacation of the national leaders, the largest temple in the South Wutai of Xinglong Temple, the innate fundamental dojo of Guanyin Bodhisattva, and the temple site Lingyingtai. The famous poems of Qingliangtai, Wenshutai, Shenshentai and Guanyintai Baijuyi are “a hundred thousand like a chess game, and twelve streets are like a kind of vegetable. A little bit of a fire on the fire, a star on the west” is used here. Temple history long.
The birthplace of the Pure Land of Xilin Temple. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it opened up as a Buddhist dojo. In the Southeast Asia, there are geological relics in the famous scenic spots, forests and famous trees, landslides, relict plants, treasured horse chestnuts, and spring flowers. The identification system is designed to help tourists realize the perception and experience of the new environment in tourism activities. Some people define the tourist scenic spot identification system as the symbol of the expression and logo of the various information that guides the tourists to complete the tourism activities (including scenic commentary, route indication, guide route, etc.), or think that the scenic interpretation system uses some kind of media and expression. To help tourists understand the relevant things and characteristics of the tourist attractions, and to play the basic functions of service and education. The author believes that the tourist scenic spot commenting system uses the logo symbol to spread the specific tourist information through the media such as drawings and signages, and to reach the tourists, guide the tourists to participate in the search for destinations, and help the tourists to understand the characteristics of the tourist attractions. Features to achieve service, education and scenic management functions for visitors. Based on this, the tourism scenic spot identification system should have its specific composition factors and functions. From the perspective of constructing the commentary identification system, the commentary identification system required for visitors to enter the scenic spot is to build the scenic spot products (including tourism) provided to the tourists in the scenic spot. Scenic attraction, scenic activity project, scenic area management and service, etc. A complete scenic commentary identification system should consist of several factors including the interpretation of the identification system content and the interpretation logo shape (Table 2. Table 2 Tourism Scenic Area Interpretation Identification system composition factor and performance form factor expression form Tourist attraction attraction attractions and facilities guide map explanation mark attraction (scenic area, landscape, scenic spot) name identification or introduction of tourist scenic spot traffic scenic area external city road guide sign (such as road direction, road Names of the facilities commentary identification location location guide signs (such as the direction of the scenic area, the distance from other scenic spots, the distance from the main road, the interpretation of the scenic spot, the scenic spot, the reception area, the commentary, the identification, the accommodation facilities, the commentary, the identification, the catering facilities, the identification, the cultural and recreational facilities, the commentary (the museum) ) System Travel Advisory Service Center Logo Contents Tourist Attractions Public Welfare Public Toilets Logo Facilities Interpretation Logos General convenience facilities logos (infirmary, police stations, banks) Environmental management commentary logos for special tourism groups (disabled access, etc.) Environment, everyone is responsible, etc.) Tourism scenic area management commentary identification safety management commentary logo (such as: prohibiting swimming, etc.) tourism propaganda commentary (such as: spring to Louguan propaganda language scenic area resource level type identification (such as: national forest Park sign scenic spot commentary scenic spot interpretation map, text representation logo information expression style suitable, typesetting appropriate identification system shape tourist scenic spot commentary logo shape characteristics color beauty and environment coordination of the logo style, material and environment harmony built by the logo set location Highly reasonable 3 Nanwuwutai religious and cultural scenic spot commentary system design 3.1 The principle of tourism scenic spot commentary system design The design of the scenic spot commentary marking system should be based on rich and reasonable content, taking into account the beautiful appearance, eye-catching, and the scenic spot coordination
3.1.1 The principle of humanization The construction of the commentary identification system to meet the needs of tourists and ensure the smooth completion of tourist activities. The design of the scenic commentary identification system not only conveys the scientific function and reasonable structure of the logo, but also gives emotional, psychological, historical and cultural content that is harmonious with the characteristics of the scenic spot, so that the commentary marking system gives people a sense of harmony and warmth, fully reflecting The scenic area provides services and care for tourists. For example, the size of the scenic spot signboard can be clearly seen as a primary condition for tourists, and the farthest distance that is generally suitable for tourists to read is 2.6 times the width of the card.
3.1.2 Systematic principles The function classification of the designed logo content should be carried out to construct a fully functional and complete commentary identification system. The unified description of the unified class is designed from the aspects of material, size and style. The different logos should complement each other in terms of content and function. It is the quality and practicality of the whole commentary identification system.
3.1.3 Standardization Principles The standardization of logos mainly includes location standardization, maximum visibility of visitors, orderly placement, and coordination with the surrounding environment of the scenic spot. The signage is set at the nodes of the scenic traffic line and other places that tourists must pass, so it is easy to see. The guide route map should be set in a conspicuous position, and can clearly reflect the location of the attraction and the location of the visitor; the content expression is scientific and accurate, and the Chinese and English norms are expressed; the highlights of the scenic spots and the landscape are easy to understand. Impress the tourists and make them easy to remember.
3.1.4 Localization Principles The design of the scenic spot interpretation system is based on the premise of pursuing the value engineering standard. It also draws the essence from the local characteristic culture of the scenic spot, reflects the local characteristics, spreads the local culture, and constructs an innovative commentary identification system. For example, the Gudong Waterfall Scenic Spot in Guangxi is locally sourced, and various dialects of Guangxi are engraved on the steps down the tourists. This kind of use of the unique stone carving art in the local area to increase the interest of the tour and spread the local culture is worth learning and promoting.
3.2 Problems Existing in the Existing Interpretation Marking System in Nanwutai Scenic Spot The Nanwutai Scenic Area has a large mountain area. Through the investigation and investigation of the commentary marking system on the circular route formed by several major scenic spots in the scenic spot, it is found that the existing identification system of the scenic spot is mainly Including the scenic signs, route maps, scenic farmhouse reception signs, etc., can basically meet the needs of tourists' tour routes and scenic service selection. At present, the research and construction of the mountain-type religious cultural tourism scenic spot identification system in China is still weak, and the interpretation system of the Nanwutai religious and cultural scenic spot is also unreasonable. The specific performance is as follows: 3.2.1 The main attraction of the scenic spot is lacking Interpretation and identification The most important attraction of the scenic spot is Guanyin (Daitai), Manjusri, cool, spiritual, five-seat, Xilin Chanyuan, rate pocket, Zizhulin, Shengshou Temple, and there are only simple guide plates at these spots. Missing signs that reflect when the temple was built, where it is sacred and its historical value, and the most important safety commentary of the scenic spot.
Since the scenic spot belongs to a mountain-type scenic spot, natural factors have a great influence and are prone to irresistible damage. The height of the temple is higher than that of the temple. The temple is a multi-layer structure. When the wind is strong at the top of the mountain, the roof tiles may fall off directly on the trails, directly threatening the safety of tourists. The scenic area does not have any safety warning signs for this potential danger. In addition, the most basic guidelines and warning functions of the identification system have not been reflected.
3.2.2 Interpretation of the identification information content is not sufficient, the attraction education function is insufficient. The guidance signs in the scenic area are limited to indicating the direction and the front target, and lack of information such as reflecting the distance from the front target and the time required for walking. At the same time, Nanwutai is an important part of the Qinling Zhongnanshan World Geopark, which contains rich geological relics. The only geological commentary signs in the scenic area are only a brief explanation of the lithology, which is not involved in the formation environment and genetic conditions of this type of rock.
The simple identification and interpretation of geological relics cannot satisfy the curiosity of tourists.
3.2.3 The place where the signboard is placed is not pleasant. The orientation is not clear. The signage system should be clearly oriented. The purpose of setting the sign is to facilitate the visitors and enable the tourists to find the location of the mark at the first time. From Shanmen (Wuta Village, Wutai Township to Lunguang Temple, the main peak of Wutai Mountain, about 12.5 km), there is a scenic map of the scenic spot at the entrance of the mountain. There are two simple guides for the scenic spots near the Xinglongsi site. There is no sign to guide the tour route to the main scenic spot. In the main tourist area of the scenic spot (the distance from the five-seat terrace of the Xinglongsi ruins several kilometers of stairs) is missing the sign guide map. Most tourists are walking up to the road. Where and where, it does not reflect the guiding role of the commentary mark in the scenic spot. Moreover, the direction of the signpost is not clear and the setting is not reasonable. For example, in the guide plate of “Wenshutai”, it seems to be established at the door, and the tourists are on the way. However, it is not Wenshutai, which greatly reduces the interest of tourism. At the same time, there is no signboard at the forked intersection in front of Wenshu, and the orientation of tourists is not clear.
3.2.4 Interpretation of the identification system is confusing, lack of unified design and management The general commentary system of the scenic spot should be managed and designed in a unified manner to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding and confusion for tourists. The physical objects of the Nanwutai Scenic Spot are in various forms. For example, in the Dok Song Court attraction, the contents of the attraction are engraved on the artificial rock wall, which is intended to illustrate the historical appearance of the attraction. The explanation of the Zizhulin Temple is an introduction to the Zizhu forest written by the brush. More attractions don't even have a commentary. And the scenic area management department lacks management of the existing commentary marks, and the old and new signs are placed in the scenic area at the same time, which is chaotic.
3.3 Nanwutai Scenic Spot Interpretation Marking System Design Content The author follows the idea of planning and designing the scenic spot commentary system, and designs the scenic commentary marking system from the selection of the southern Wutai scenic spot, the main attraction and the scenic traffic facility commentary.
3.3.1 Scenic Area Interpretation Identification System Node Design The scenic spot node is a relatively concentrated place for tourists, and it is also a function of the interpretation of the identification system. The design of the scenic spot commentary identification system must first determine the scenic spot node. According to the existing tourist roads in Nanwutai Mountain Scenic Area, the main tourist attractions and the main distribution centers, the main nodes of the Nanwutai Mountain Scenic Area are determined (: 1 scenic entrance (mountain gate). The service facilities are complete and the tourists stay longer, which is the most important. The tourist gathering node; 2 Shengshou Temple attractions. Located at the fork of the Shangshan route, the tourists are diverted here; 3 Dusongge parking lot. Its service facilities are complete, it is the node where tourists gather and prepare to go up the mountain; 4 Xinglong Temple The site belongs to the branch of Tongda South Wutai, a Guanyintai and Zhiling Yingtai, Qingliangtai and Wenshutai tour routes; 5 Guanyintai (Daitai). It is the main peak of the South Wutai Scenic Spot and is the most concentrated tourist. Node. The secondary node contains other major attractions (attractions) of the scenic spot and areas such as non-node source forests.
Knowledge includes sight maps of attractions and facilities, scenic spots and landscapes (point names or introductions, etc.). The attractions and facilities guide icons show the names and directions of the destinations that visitors want to reach, the distance from the location to the destination, and the visitors. The location, sometimes marked with the way and means of arrival, the time required, etc. The terrain structure of the Nanwutai Scenic Area is complex, and the design of the scenic spots and facilities guide map should regard the Nanwutai Scenic Spot as an independent and complete guiding system. Throughout the entire scenic spot, the other commentary identification types are connected in series to form the space concept of the entire scenic interpretation system.
Through field trips, maps of attractions and facilities are constructed corresponding to the travel routes of tourists, and the commentary signs should be placed at the main nodes of the scenic spot. Through the travel of tourists on the scenic trails, the tourists will continue to play a guiding role in the system.
Nanwutai Mountain Scenic Area and landscape (point name or introduction logo, mainly set in the scenic tourist attraction, including its name, construction time, composition, tour value, etc. This part should focus on the explanation of the Buddhist temple in the scenic spot, Tourists spread religious and cultural connotations. The scenic spots and landscape names or introductory signs are mainly placed on the secondary nodes of the scenic spot to introduce the front, middle or best viewing places of the scenery.
3.3.3 Design of the traffic facilities in the scenic spot The design of the system includes: on the one hand, clear guiding signs on both sides of the traffic line on the scenic spot and explanations of English and Chinese, except for the public information of the standard, other roads On the way, reminders, signs and other signs on the intersection should be set up according to the needs of the tourists; on the other hand, the best way to design the tourists in the best time within the scenic area. It is also necessary to design an external traffic guide card for the scenic spot on the Huanshan Expressway in Xi'an Ring Expressway, Quhang Expressway (Xiyijing Taiyi Palace Gate and the Huanshan Avenue from the Ziwu Avenue to the Qinling Mountain Ring Road).
3.3.4 Scenic Area Reception Facilities Interpretation Logo The design system includes various types of hotels, restaurants, restaurants, shopping and other places that visitors come to visit and visit in the South Wutai Scenic Area. Uniformly defined public information graphical symbols should be used. The use method, location, and reservation method of the facility are explained to facilitate the visitor to find the reception facility as the starting point. The main design contents are: general graphic symbols, direction indications, and text descriptions. Set up on the main node of the scenic spot to play its role.
3.3.5 Tourism Scenic Area Public Welfare Facilities Interpretation Logo This part of the design includes the logo of the tourism consultation service center, the public toilet sign, the general convenience facility logo (infirmary, police station, bank), and the commentary mark for special tourist groups. Mainly some of the graphics prescribed by the state (such as prohibiting fireworks and other necessary text descriptions (such as the Buddha Hall is not suitable for taking pictures, etc.) In addition, some icons need to be explained in Chinese and English. Placed in the main nodes of the scenic spot, convenient for tourists to use .
3.3.6 Interpretation of scenic area management The design of the system includes the environmental management commentary of the scenic spot (such as: beautiful mind needs to be shaped, beautiful environment needs protection, attention to steps, etc.), safety management commentary (eg, no smoking, etc.), tourism Propaganda commentary (such as: the publicity of the Buddha's South 5th station, the type of resource level of the scenic spot (such as: the World Geopark logo, the South Wutai National Forest Park, etc. This part is mainly set on all nodes of the scenic spot to remind visitors, Easy to manage the scenic area.
3.3.7 Scenic Area Interpretation Identification Information Expression The expression of design information may be used in combination with text, or with pictures, or both. The text design conforms to the interpretation of religious language, easy to read and understand, stresses correctness and consistency, font size matching, conforms to national standard text and pictures at a glance. And to restore the original attraction of the scenic spot. For example, you can comment on the commentary on the Guanyintai. “When you stand here, you can see the ancient Chang’an (now the whole picture of Xi’an City, experience Bai Juyi’s pen), a hundred thousand like a chess game, the 12th street, such as a kind of food, “the beauty, etc.” In the design of the scenic spot management safety commentary on the tour route, the ancient people's "mountain roads, Xubu forward" as a text reminder.
3.3.8 Tourist scenic spot commentary logo design Considering the perfect combination of natural original characteristics and religious culture of Nanwutai Scenic Spot, the scenic spot itself is a forest park. The production of the commentary marking system should be made locally, using local wood as the material for the marking. The expressions are unified, the color is elegant, and it conforms to the religious and cultural characteristics of the scenic spot. For example, the logo design is unified as the lotus logo, the lotus is in line with the Buddhist teachings, and the Buddhist commentary: the shore (the bitter sea of life), the Jidu (the Buddhist practice), the other side (the pure land, from the earth to the pure world, from the evil to the end Good, from the common custom to the Buddha. Like the lotus grows in the muddy water of the sludge, but it is extraordinary and unconventional. Buddhism has the saying that "flowers see the Buddha", "flower world, one leaf and one bodhi", here "flower "refers to the lotus, that is, "Lian"
The wisdom and realm of the people, the mind of the people has also experienced the Buddha nature. The interpretation system of the scenic spot can highlight the Buddhist culture and teachings of the scenic spot.
The system of religious cultural tourism scenic spot interpretation system with reasonable system and complete content is a tool and platform for people to understand and understand religious and cultural tourism sites and enrich the religious and cultural tourism experience. It is to protect religious and cultural resources, improve the cultural environment of religious and cultural tourism, and sustainable and reasonable. Take advantage of the important guarantees of natural and human landscape resources. This research mainly starts from the theoretical research on the interpretation system of tourist scenic spots, and proposes that the constituent elements of the religious culture tourism commentary system include the tourist attraction commentary, the scenic traffic commentary, the scenic reception commentary, the scenic public welfare commentary and the scenic management commentary. Mark 5 major parts. Combined with the example of the Nanwutai scenic spot, the conceptual design of the scenic commentary marking system was carried out to promote the sustainable development of the religious cultural tourism and the ecological environment of the Nanwutai Scenic Spot.
The religious culture has profound connotations and covers a wide range. This study is the conceptual design of the identification system for the Nanwutai religious and cultural tourism scenic spots. It is still necessary to further explore the religious and cultural tourism resources of the scenic spot and improve the conceptual design plan. And it is expected to apply the design scheme of the Nanwutai Scenic Spot Interpretation Marking System to the practice of scenic spot construction.
